The Inspiring Life of Durgabai Deshmukh
Durgabai Deshmukh (15 July 1909 – 9 May 1981), an Indian freedom fighter, lawyer, social worker, and politician. She was a public activist for women’s emanicipation and the founder of Andhra Mahila Sabha. She was also the founder chairperson of the central social welfare board.
Early Life And Education
Durgabai Deshmukh, a prominent Indian freedom fighter, lawyer, and social worker, was born on July 15, 1909, in Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, then part of the Madras Presidency under British India. She was born into a Telugu-speaking family and was married at the tender age of eight to her cousin, Subba Rao. However, she refused to live with him post-puberty, a decision supported by her father and brother, which was quite progressive for that time. Her early education was marked by a bold step when she left school at the age of 12 to protest against the imposition of English-medium education, which was a reflection of her nationalistic spirit even at a young age. She later pursued her education at Madras University, balancing her academic pursuits with her active participation in the Indian freedom movement. Durgabai’s early life was thus characterized by her determination to educate herself and her unwavering commitment to the fight for India’s independence.
Career And Achievements
Durgabai Deshmukh was a prominent Indian freedom fighter, lawyer, social worker, and politician. Her career was marked by significant contributions to India’s struggle for independence and post-independence social development. As a member of the Constituent Assembly, she played a pivotal role in shaping the Indian Constitution. She founded the Andhra Mahila Sabha in 1937, which aimed at empowering women through education and vocational training. Her efforts in social welfare led her to establish the Central Social Welfare Board, serving as its chairperson. Durgabai’s dedication to public service earned her numerous accolades, including the prestigious Padma Vibhushan, the UNESCO Award for outstanding work in literacy, and the Nehru Literacy Award. Her autobiography, ‘Chintaman and I’, provides a personal glimpse into her life and the challenges she overcame. Durgabai Deshmukh’s legacy continues to inspire generations of social activists and reformers in India and beyond. Her life’s work remains a testament to her unwavering commitment to social justice and education.
Notable Events And Milestones
Durgabai Deshmukh life was marked by significant events and milestones that not only shaped her legacy but also had a profound impact on Indian society and culture. At the tender age of 12, she left school to protest against the imposition of English-medium education, a decision that reflected her early commitment to the Indian freedom movement and her dedication to promoting national language education. She established the Balika Hindi Paathshala in Rajamundry to provide Hindi education for girls, challenging the prevailing norms of her time. Durgabai’s involvement in the Indian National Congress at a young age showcased her political acumen and her unwavering commitment to the cause of independence. Her audacity as a young volunteer at the Congress conference in Kakinada in 1923, where she insisted that Jawaharlal Nehru buy a ticket to enter the khadi exhibition, is a testament to her principled stand and integrity. Her marriage at the age of 8, which she later annulled to pursue education and social work, further underscores her determination to break free from the shackles of traditional societal expectations.
As a freedom fighter, Durgabai was arrested twice between 1930 and 1934 for her participation in the Civil Disobedience Movement, demonstrating her courage and sacrifice for the nation’s freedom. Her founding of the Andhra Mahila Sabha in 1937 marked a significant contribution to women’s empowerment and social welfare, establishing a platform for addressing the issues faced by women in society. Her role as the founder chairperson of the Central Social Welfare Board further solidified her commitment to social justice and welfare initiatives.
Durgabai’s marriage to C.D. Deshmukh, the first Indian governor of the Reserve Bank of India and Finance Minister, in 1953, brought together two influential figures in Indian politics and economics, creating a powerful alliance that contributed to the nation’s development. Her literary contributions, including her autobiography ‘Chintaman and I,’ provide a personal account of her life’s journey and her partnership with her husband, offering insights into the era’s socio-political landscape.
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Durgabai Deshmukh’s lasting impact on history is evident in her contributions to the drafting of India’s Constitution as a member of the Constituent Assembly and her work with the Planning Commission of India, where she played a pivotal role in shaping the nation’s developmental policies. Her advocacy for women’s rights and education, her involvement in the freedom struggle, and her efforts in social reform have left an indelible mark on Indian society. She died on 9 May 1981, in Andhra Pradesh, India.
Awards And Honors
Below are the prestigious awards and honors received:
- Padma Vibhushan: Durgabai Deshmukh was awarded the Padma Vibhushan, India’s second-highest civilian award, for her exceptional and distinguished service.
- Paul G Hoffman Award: She received this award for her outstanding contribution to social service.
- Nehru Literacy Award: This award was given to her in recognition of her efforts in promoting literacy.
- UNESCO Award: Durgabai Deshmukh was honored with this award for her outstanding work in the field of literacy.
- Elected Member of the Constituent Assembly: While not an award, being elected to the Constituent Assembly of India is a significant recognition of her contributions to the drafting of the Indian Constitution.
- Recognition for her role in women’s rights: Her efforts in advocating for women’s rights and property rights were acknowledged by constitutional experts during the formation of the Indian Constitution.
Additional Resources
Books:
- “Chintaman and I” – An autobiography by Durgabai Deshmukh herself, offering a personal look into her life and work.
- “The Stone That Speaketh” – Another book authored by Durgabai Deshmukh.
- “The Fifteen: Lives and times of 15 remarkable women” – This book includes stories of Durgabai Deshmukh and other women who were part of the Constituent Assembly of India.
Documentaries:
- “Makers of Indian Constitution | Durgabai Deshmukh” – A documentary available on YouTube that highlights her contributions to the Indian Constitution and her role as a social activist.
- “Durgabai Deshmukh: A legacy beyond time” – A feature that delves into her legacy and her work with the Planning Commission of India and the Central Social Welfare Board.
Museums:
- The Allahabad Museum – Although not exclusively dedicated to Durgabai Deshmukh, this museum is a rich repository of Indian history and culture and may have exhibits related to her and the freedom struggle.
- Durgabai Deshmukh Centre for Women’s Studies at Andhra University – While not a museum, this center is named in her honor and is dedicated to research and studies on women’s issues, reflecting her lifelong commitment to women’s empowerment.
These resources can provide a comprehensive understanding of Durgabai Deshmukh’s life, her contributions to Indian society, and her role in the country’s history.
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