TRAI Unveils New Guidelines for Microwave Spectrum Assignment
The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) has officially released recommendations regarding the assignment of microwave spectrum in several frequency bands, including 6 GHz, 7 GHz, 13 GHz, 15 GHz, 18 GHz, 21 GHz, E-Band, and V-Band. This initiative aims to enhance the efficiency of telecommunication networks and improve connectivity across the country.
Responding to a request from the Department of Telecommunications (DoT) dated September 13, 2024, TRAI prepared these recommendations under Section 11(1)(a) of the TRAI Act, 1997. This process involved a public consultation, where TRAI received input from 24 stakeholders and hosted an open house discussion on August 11, 2025.
Microwave spectrum plays a vital role in public telecommunication networks, facilitating the connection between device users and core networks. Currently, over half of cellular base stations rely on microwave technology for their connectivity needs. The traditional microwave bands under consideration are pivotal for establishing backhaul links that connect various telecommunications components.
Key Recommendations Released by TRAI
In light of the consultation feedback, TRAI has recommended several crucial changes and updates to the existing policies governing microwave backhaul spectrum. These recommendations aim to establish a holistic framework that optimizes spectrum utilization and encourages broader access for different entities, including those with captive user scenarios.
Among the highlighted recommendations:
- The 6 GHz (lower) band will be open for point-to-point link assignments, including a limit of two carriers per link for all authorized entities.
- For the 13 GHz, 15 GHz, and 18 GHz bands, spectrum will be assigned using a block-based approach to wireless access service providers, with a ceiling of eight carriers per provider.
- The 21 GHz band will similarly support point-to-point assignments, allowing up to four carriers per link.
- E-Band assignments will include both block-based for wireless access providers and point-to-point for other entities, with new carrier limits increasing the available bandwidth.
- Point-to-point links in the V-Band will also be available for assignment to all types of users, allowing a higher number of carriers.
Updating Pricing for Spectrum Assignment
As part of these recommendations, TRAI is also overhauling the pricing structure for backhaul spectrum. The previous escalating charges have been replaced with a uniform charge to make backhaul more affordable. For example, the charge for a carrier in traditional microwave bands will be reduced to 0.1% of adjusted gross revenue (AGR), significantly lowering costs for service providers.
Moreover, the recommended charges for point-to-point links have been adjusted, with substantial reductions intended to promote wider adoption of backhaul solutions and enhance the quality of telecommunication services.
These recommendations have been published on the TRAI website, with the authority urging stakeholders to review the changes to better understand the future of telecommunication in India. For any queries, stakeholders can reach out to TRAI’s Advisor for further information.
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