Advancements in Quantum Communication Technology
The field of quantum communication is rapidly evolving, with significant contributions from the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi. On November 26, 2024, the DRDO Industry Academia–Centre of Excellence (DIA-CoE) showcased groundbreaking quantum communication technologies in New Delhi. This initiative focuses on developing secure communication methods using quantum key distribution (QKD) and entanglement-based approaches. The recent demonstrations highlight the potential of quantum technologies to enhance security in various sectors, including defense and finance.
Demonstrating Quantum Key Distribution
The DIA-CoE has made remarkable strides in quantum key distribution. During a recent demonstration, researchers successfully implemented entanglement distribution and QKD over a 50 km fiber link in a laboratory setting. This achievement is crucial for establishing secure communication channels. Additionally, a separate field test on the IIT Delhi campus demonstrated entanglement distribution and QKD over an 8 km optical fiber. These experiments illustrate the feasibility of using quantum technologies for long-distance secure communication.
Moreover, the team explored free-space entanglement distribution using the BBM-92 protocol, a widely recognized QKD method. This experiment involved two tables separated by 20 meters in a laboratory and extended to 80 meters in an open space. The results confirmed the viability of short-range quantum communication in free-space environments. These advancements pave the way for more robust and flexible communication systems that can operate in various settings.
Innovations in Hybrid Entanglement
In a significant breakthrough, researchers at DIA-CoE demonstrated hybrid entanglement in a free-space environment. This experiment achieved a Quantum Bit Error Rate (QBER) of approximately 6% over a distance of 10 meters in the laboratory. Hybrid entanglement combines different types of quantum states, enhancing the efficiency and reliability of quantum communication systems.
Additionally, the team is investigating QKD systems that support multiple independent channels driven by a single source. This innovation could lead to more versatile quantum communication systems capable of handling various protocols simultaneously. The ongoing research in hybrid entanglement and multi-channel QKD systems signifies a promising future for quantum communication technologies.
Development of Advanced Photon Sources
A critical aspect of quantum communication is the generation of single photons, which are essential for secure transmission. The DIA-CoE has developed an all-fiber heralded photon source with a second-order correlation function (g² ~ 0.01) and rates reaching hundreds of kilohertz. This innovation is vital for generating single photons, a key requirement for secure quantum communication.
Furthermore, the team has created an all-fiber entangled photon source with high visibility. The Bell test parameter for this source exceeds 2.6, indicating strong quantum entanglement. This level of entanglement is crucial for implementing protocols like BBM-92 effectively. For free-space quantum communication experiments, a free-space heralded single photon source has been demonstrated with a heralding rate of over 4 million counts per second. These advancements enable robust free-space quantum communication, enhancing the overall security of communication systems.
Future Directions and National Impact
Following the successful demonstration of India’s first QKD between Prayagraj and Vindhyachal in February 2022, DRDO and IIT Delhi have initiated several new projects. These initiatives focus on the indigenization of various components, including quantum sources and detectors. Collaborations with DRDO labs like DYSL-QT and SSPL aim to develop single photon sources on LNOI, superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPD), and periodically poled non-linear crystals.
The projects at DIA-CoE are funded by the Directorate of Futuristic Technology Management, which supports deep tech initiatives aimed at fostering cutting-edge innovations in defense technology. Through these efforts, DRDO and IIT Delhi are establishing a strong national footprint in quantum key distribution. The advancements in quantum communication hold significant potential for enhancing security in strategic sectors, providing robust and tamper-evident communication channels essential for national security and economic stability.
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