India Joins WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies
On July 20, 2026, India officially became a party to the World Trade Organization’s (WTO) Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies (AFS). The Instrument of Acceptance was delivered by the Commerce Secretary of India to the Director-General of the WTO, marking a significant step in the country’s commitment to sustainable fisheries management. This move is pivotal for maintaining marine resources, vital for food security, livelihoods, and employment within coastal communities.
The WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies was adopted at the 12th WTO Ministerial Conference held in Geneva in June 2022. This landmark agreement is the first of its kind to focus on environmental sustainability within the multilateral framework. Its provisions include prohibiting government support for illegal fishing and the overexploitation of fish stocks, aiming to protect marine biodiversity. The agreement came into force on September 15, 2025, after receiving acceptance from two-thirds of the WTO member nations.
Focusing on Sustainable Fisheries
By becoming the 123rd member to deposit its Instrument of Acceptance, India emphasizes its focus on marine wild capture fishing and pertinent activities at sea. Notably, aquaculture and inland fisheries are not covered under this agreement. The AFS is designed to safeguard the livelihoods of traditional and small-scale fishers, which are crucial for community sustenance. Provisions against subsidies associated with illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing aim to combat unsustainable practices that threaten marine resources.
Benefits for Traditional Fishers and Global Fisheries Regime
The agreement promotes a fairer global fisheries landscape by curbing harmful subsidies for large industrial fishing fleets operated by distant water fishing nations. For countries like India, where fishing communities primarily consist of small-scale operators, this creates a more balanced economic environment. Furthermore, by aligning with the objectives of this agreement, India enhances its reputation as a responsible seafood exporter. This is vital for accessing premium markets increasingly prioritizing sustainability and traceability in seafood sourcing.
A Robust Framework for Implementation
India’s fisheries management strategy has been bolstered by the Sustainable Harnessing of Fisheries in the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) Rules 2025 and the Guidelines for Sustainable Harnessing of Fisheries in the High Seas by Indian-Flagged Fishing Vessels 2025. These frameworks, along with ongoing initiatives like the Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY), create a robust ecosystem for effective implementation of the AFS. They ensure policy space for traditional and small-scale fishermen while promoting sustainable fishing practices.
Commitment to Global Standards
The Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies highlights India’s dedication to responsible marine resource governance. India’s domestic fisheries management aligns with the objectives of the agreement, protecting traditional and small-scale fishermen’s interests while contributing to global sustainability efforts. This acceptance solidifies India’s commitment to a rules-based trading system at the core of the WTO, enhancing both its domestic and international standing in sustainable fisheries management.
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