India to Launch Comprehensive Migration Survey in 2026-2027
The National Statistics Office (NSO), under the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI), has announced plans to conduct a thorough Survey on Migration from July 2026 to June 2027. This initiative aims to gather critical data regarding migration patterns across India, building on previous surveys that have provided valuable insights into this complex issue.
Historically, the MoSPI has carried out migration surveys at regular intervals. The latest data were collected during the Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) and the Multiple Indicator Survey in 2020–21. The upcoming Survey on Migration is anticipated to deliver a comprehensive overview of migration trends, focusing on both rural-urban and inter-state movement. Key aspects such as the motivations behind migration, the phenomenon of return migration, seasonal migration trends, and the employment profiles of migrants will be explored in detail.
The information gathered will be crucial for understanding labour mobility and remittance flows, serving as a substantial resource for policymakers, planners, researchers, and development practitioners. This data will support more focused interventions in critical areas including urban planning, housing, transportation, job creation, social security, and skills development.
Recent findings from the PLFS conducted between July 2020 and June 2021 reveal that India’s overall migration rate stands at 28.9%. Notably, there is a significant disparity between male and female migration rates. The survey indicated that approximately 10.7% of males and a striking 47.9% of females participated in migration during this period. The motivations behind migration also show marked gender differences. A significant 86.8% of female migrants identified marriage as their primary reason for relocating, while 22.8% of male migrants cited employment opportunities as their main motivation.
These findings underscore the gender-specific nature of migration trends in India, highlighting how social factors influence female migration, whereas economic factors drive male migration. This information was shared by Rao Inderjit Singh, the Minister of State (Independent Charge) for Statistics and Programme Implementation, during a session in the Rajya Sabha. The minister emphasized that the forthcoming survey is poised to enrich the national discourse on migration and inform strategies for better migration management.
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