Sir Panaganti Ramarayaningar (9 July 1866 – 16 December 1928), was a zamindar of Kalahasti, and a Justice Party leader, who served as the Chief Minister of Madras from 11 July 1921 to 3 December 1926.
Early Life And Education
Panaganti Ramarayaningar, also known as the Raja of Panagal, was born on July 9, 1866, in Srikalahasti, located in the Chittoor district of the Madras Presidency, now part of Andhra Pradesh. He was fostered in the Vadama Calamur family, which was known for its pro-Brahmin, Mylapore clique influence, a stance that Ramarayaningar would later oppose strongly. His educational journey took him to Madras where he attended Presidency College. There, he delved into a diverse curriculum, obtaining degrees in Sanskrit, law, philosophy, and Dravidian languages. This rich educational background laid the foundation for his future political career, where he emerged as a key figure in the Justice Party and eventually served as the First Minister of the Madras Presidency. His early life, marked by a blend of aristocratic upbringing and rigorous education, shaped his perspectives and policies in his later political endeavors.
Career And Achievements
Panaganti Ramarayaningar political career was marked by his leadership in the Justice Party, serving as its president from 1925 until his death in 1928. Ramarayaningar’s tenure as the First Minister of Madras Presidency from July 11, 1921, to December 3, 1926, was notable for the introduction of significant reforms, including the development of the Thyagaraya Nagar locality in Chennai. His contributions to the Imperial Legislative Council of India as a representative of landlords and zamindars of South India from 1912 to 1915 earned him recognition and praise from the Viceroy, Lord Hardinge. He was instrumental in supporting reforms within Hindu society and played a pivotal role in the non-Brahmin movement, closely associating with figures like Shahu Maharaj. His advocacy for inclusivity led to the implementation of reservations in government jobs during his administration.
Ramarayaningar’s legacy includes his efforts towards the establishment of the Hindu Religious Endowment Board and his philanthropy, exemplified by donating his property for the Indian Medicine School, which later became the Kilpauk Medical College. For his services, he was honored with the title of Dewan Bahadur in 1918 and knighted in 1926. He remains one of the longest-serving First Ministers in the history of the Madras Presidency and its successor states. Ramarayaningar’s career is a testament to his commitment to public service and social reform, leaving an indelible mark on the history of Tamil Nadu and India at large.
Notable Events And Milestones
Panaganti Ramarayaningar early career saw him as a member of the North Arcot District Board, and by 1912, he had become a member of the Imperial Legislative Council in Delhi. His oratory skills caught the attention of the Viceroy, Lord Hardinge of Penshurst, marking his rise in Indian politics. Ramarayaningar’s significant contributions began with his involvement in the Justice Party, a movement that sought to represent non-Brahmin interests against the prevailing Brahminical dominance in the Madras Presidency. He served as the party’s president from 1925 until his death in 1928. His tenure as the First Minister of Madras Presidency from July 11, 1921, to December 3, 1926, was marked by numerous reforms aimed at social equity and inclusivity. Notably, he introduced reservations in government jobs, a pioneering step towards affirmative action in India.
Under his leadership, the Thyagaraya Nagar locality in Chennai was developed, reflecting his vision for urban planning and development. His legislative efforts included the creation of separate Provincial departments for the welfare of depressed classes, showcasing his commitment to uplifting marginalized communities. Ramarayaningar’s advocacy for democracy and empowerment of the depressed classes earned him a reputation as a champion for social justice.
His international endeavors included a trip to England in 1921 to lobby on behalf of the Justice Party, highlighting his role in shaping the political discourse not only within India but also on an international stage. The Raja’s close association with Shahu Maharaj and his participation in the All-India Non-Brahmin movement further cemented his legacy as a key figure in the fight against caste-based discrimination. Ramarayaningar’s impact on history is profound. His efforts in the realm of social reform and his leadership in the Justice Party laid the groundwork for subsequent movements that continued to challenge social hierarchies and promote egalitarian principles. The Hindu Religious Endowment Board, which he helped establish, is a testament to his commitment to religious and cultural inclusivity. His donation of property for the Indian Medicine School, which later became Kilpauk Medical College, demonstrates his dedication to advancing education and healthcare. The Raja’s legacy is not limited to his political achievements; it also encompasses his contributions to society and culture. His policies and reforms have had a lasting impact, paving the way for a more inclusive and equitable society. The reservation system he championed remains a cornerstone of Indian social policy, and his efforts to democratize access to education and government positions have had enduring effects. He died on 16 December 1928, in Chennai, Tamil Nadu.
Awards And Honors
- Knight Commander of the Indian Empire (KCIE) for his contributions to public life.
- Served as the First Minister of Madras Presidency from 11 July 1921 to 3 December 1926, during which he introduced significant reforms.
- Held the position of President of the Justice Party from 1925 until his death in 1928.
- Was a member of the Imperial Legislative Council of India from 1912 to 1915, representing the landlords and zamindars of South India.
- Received praise from the Viceroy, Lord Hardinge, for his legislative work during his tenure.
- Developed the Thyagaraya Nagar locality in Chennai, which is considered a significant contribution to the city’s infrastructure.
- Remains one of the longest-serving First Ministers in the history of the Madras Presidency, with over five years in office.
- Posthumously, his legacy continues to be celebrated, with his tenure as First Minister being remembered for the progressive reforms he introduced.
Additional Resources
- Wikipedia offers a comprehensive overview of Panaganti Ramarayaningar’s life, including his role as a zamindar, his political career, and his contributions to the Madras Presidency.
- “The Hindu” has a detailed article titled “Hidden histories: The Raja who became Chief Minister,” which provides insights into his life and the impact of his administration.
- Wikiwand also features an article on Panaganti Ramarayaningar, summarizing his achievements and political career.
- For a more personal touch, “Madras Musings” has an article “Remembering a Raja,” which recounts memories and stories about him, giving a glimpse into his personal life and legacy.
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