In the tapestry of Lithuania’s history, the 11th of March stands as an indelible thread, woven with the spirit of resilience and the quest for autonomy. Independence Restoration Day marks a pivotal moment in Lithuania’s narrative, commemorating the Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania signed in 1990. This article delves into the historical context, the journey towards freedom, and the enduring traditions that shape the celebration of this momentous day.
History
The roots of Independence Restoration Day trace back to the tumultuous pages of World War II. In 1940, Lithuania faced Soviet occupation, later yielding to German control only to be reclaimed by the USSR in 1944. Despite the shifting frontlines, the Lithuanian spirit endured, kindling the flame of independence through guerrilla resistance and diplomatic efforts. The Reform Movement of Lithuania, Sąjūdis, emerged as a beacon of change in 1988, advocating for restoring a democratic Republic.
Sąjūdis and the Road to Independence
The Reform Movement of Lithuania, with its 35-member initiative group elected in June 1988, catalyzed a series of rallies across the nation. The Constituent Congress in October 1988 laid the groundwork, and on 15th February 1989, the Seimas declared its mission to restore the independent democratic Republic of Lithuania. The pivotal moment arrived on 23rd August 1989, when Sąjūdis proclaimed Lithuania’s annexation to the USSR as illegal. The political landscape in the USSR underwent a transformation, leading to the first free and democratic elections on 24th February 1990. The Supreme Council of the Lithuanian SSR convened on 10th March 1990, culminating in the declaration of independence on that historic night. Vytautas Landsbergis emerged as the President of the Supreme Council, steering the nation towards a new era.
The Declaration of Independence
The third meeting of the Supreme Council on 11th March 1990 marked the formal declaration of Lithuania’s independence. A set of five documents, including the provisional organic law, laid the foundation for the re-establishment of the state. The declaration received unanimous support, with 124 deputies voting in favor, signaling a resolute stride towards autonomy.
Soviet Opposition and International Recognition
The USSR vehemently opposed Lithuania’s independence, imposing an economic blockade in April 1990. Tensions escalated in January 1991, leading to armed aggression by the Soviet Union. In the face of adversity, Lithuanians displayed unwavering determination, resulting in international recognition. On 29th July 1991, the Russian Federation formally acknowledged Lithuania’s complete independence.
Tradition of Celebration
Since 1991, Independence Restoration Day has been celebrated with solemn parliamentary meetings at the historic Hall of the Act of 11th March. Recognized as a holiday since 1996, the day hosts a myriad of events, including parades, concerts, and exhibitions. A poignant tradition involves awarding the State Independence Scholarship to young researchers contributing significantly to Lithuania’s statehood.
Independence Restoration Day embodies the triumph of Lithuania’s spirit over adversity. From the clandestine meetings in 1987 to the formal declaration in 1990, the journey is a testament to the nation’s fortitude. As we commemorate this day, let us reflect on the resilience that shaped a nation’s destiny, celebrating not just a historic event but the enduring spirit that defines Lithuania.