Magma Ocean Discovery Sheds Light on Earth’s Formation
A groundbreaking study published on March 26 in the journal Nature reveals that the formation of a magma ocean near Earth’s core began approximately 4.4 billion years ago. This ancient geological phenomenon may still influence the planet today, manifesting as unusual mantle anomalies. The research provides insights into the structure of the mantle, particularly the Large Low-Velocity Provinces (LLVPS), which were identified through seismic imaging techniques.
Discovery and Implications
Led by Assistant Professor Charles-Édouard Boukaré from York University in Toronto, the study highlights the potential impact of these magma oceans on thermal interactions between the mantle and core. This interaction could significantly influence the positioning of tectonic plates. Boukaré and his team developed a new model that integrates geochemical and seismic data, allowing researchers to investigate how early crystallization processes contributed to the formation of a persistent molten layer deep within the Earth. Collaborators James Badro and Henri Samuel, associated with French research institutions, were instrumental in this significant study.
Formation of Basal Magma Ocean
The research team concluded that the formation of a magma ocean is an inevitable process, regardless of whether the Earth’s mantle solidifies from the core outward or from the surface downward. In both scenarios, the model suggests that dense, iron oxide-rich solids would sink toward the Earth’s core and remelt due to extreme temperature and pressure conditions. This process creates a permanent magma ocean. Boukaré emphasized that a basal melt would form even under the least favorable conditions, indicating the robustness of this geological phenomenon.
Lasting Effects and Geological Memory
This study indicates that the deep magma ocean has left a lasting mark on Earth’s interior, dating back several hundred million years. Boukaré explained that this “memory” of the Earth’s internal structure was established early in the planet’s history and continues to play a crucial role in geological processes, including tectonic movement and mantle convection. The LLVPS, believed to be remnants of this primordial layer, date back to around 4.4 billion years ago, underscoring the long-term effects of the magma ocean on Earth’s geology.
Looking to Other Planets
In pursuit of further understanding, Boukaré aims to expand the model by incorporating additional trace elements and applying it to rocky planets beyond Earth. He posits that the phenomenon of a basal magma ocean may not be exclusive to our planet. This research could pave the way for new insights into planetary formation throughout the solar system, enhancing our comprehension of geological processes on other celestial bodies.
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