Indian Railways Accelerates Path to Net Zero by 2030
Indian Railways is making significant strides towards its ambitious goal of achieving net-zero carbon emissions by 2030. The national transporter is implementing a comprehensive energy strategy that includes a mix of nuclear, solar, hydropower, wind, and thermal energy sources. This initiative aims to meet the projected 10-gigawatt (GW) traction requirement necessary for train operations by the target year.
Diverse Energy Strategy for Sustainable Operations
To fulfill its energy needs by 2030, Indian Railways plans to source 3 GW of renewable energy, including hydropower, alongside an additional 3 GW from thermal and nuclear sources. The remaining 4 GW will be secured through partnerships with power distribution companies. A senior official revealed that requests have been made to the power ministry to allocate around 2 GW of nuclear power specifically for railway operations. Furthermore, another 2 GW of thermal power will be sourced through new joint ventures and power purchase agreements.
In addition to these efforts, Indian Railways is developing plans for hydropower projects with a capacity of 1.5 GW to support its energy requirements. This diversified approach not only aims to enhance energy security but also aligns with the broader national objectives of reducing carbon emissions and promoting sustainable practices.
Electrification Progress and Emission Reductions
Indian Railways is on track to achieve complete electrification of its broad gauge routes within the current financial year. By 2025-26, it is expected that approximately 95% of trains will operate on electric power. This transition is projected to significantly reduce the railways’ direct carbon emissions to 1.37 million tonnes annually, a figure that is anticipated to remain stable until 2030.
Currently, around 90% of Indian Railways’ trains are powered by electricity, with diesel accounting for the remaining 10%. This marks a substantial improvement from three years ago when diesel-powered trains constituted 37% of operations. The shift to electric traction not only contributes to environmental sustainability but also offers financial benefits, with projected diesel expenditures decreasing to ₹9,528.53 crore in 2025-26, the lowest in over a decade.
Commitment to Carbon Negative Practices
In addition to electrification, Indian Railways is committed to incorporating carbon-negative practices across its operations. This includes enhancing energy efficiency at railway production units and establishing green railway stations. Officials emphasize that afforestation measures could effectively offset the remaining carbon emissions, further supporting the organization’s sustainability goals.
The transition to electric traction is a crucial step in Indian Railways’ journey towards a greener future. By prioritizing renewable energy sources and reducing reliance on fossil fuels, the railways are not only improving operational efficiency but also contributing to India’s broader climate action commitments.
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