Efficiency and Effectiveness of the Judicial System
The Indian government has launched a series of initiatives aimed at improving the efficiency and effectiveness of the country’s judicial system. These efforts include the establishment of the National Mission for Justice Delivery and Legal Reforms, significant investments in judicial infrastructure, and the implementation of advanced technology in court operations. With a focus on reducing case backlogs and enhancing access to justice, these measures are set to transform the judicial landscape in India.
National Mission for Justice Delivery and Legal Reforms
In August 2011, the government established the National Mission for Justice Delivery and Legal Reforms. This initiative aims to enhance access to justice by minimizing delays and increasing accountability within the judicial system. The Mission employs a coordinated approach to address the backlog of cases and improve judicial administration. Key components of this initiative include upgrading court infrastructure, increasing the number of judges in District and Subordinate Courts, and implementing policy changes to tackle areas prone to excessive litigation. Additionally, the Mission emphasizes the development of human resources to ensure a more efficient judicial process.
Investment in Judicial Infrastructure
Under the Centrally Sponsored Scheme for Judicial Infrastructure Development, the government has allocated substantial funds to states and union territories for constructing court facilities. This includes court halls, residential quarters for judicial officers, and digital computer rooms, all designed to facilitate smoother operations for litigants and legal professionals. Since the scheme’s inception in 1993-94, over ₹12,101.89 crores have been released. The number of court halls has risen from 15,818 in June 2014 to 22,372 by June 2025, while residential units for judicial officers have increased from 10,211 to 19,851 during the same period.
Technological Advancements in the Judiciary
The e-Courts Mission Mode Project has been pivotal in integrating Information and Communication Technology (ICT) into the judicial system. As of 2023, 18,735 District and Subordinate Courts have been computerized, and WAN connectivity has been established at 2,977 sites. Video conferencing facilities have been implemented in 3,240 court complexes, allowing for seamless communication with 1,272 jails. The project has also seen the establishment of 778 eSewa Kendras to provide citizen-centric services. The recently approved Phase-III of the e-Courts Project, with an outlay of ₹7,210 crores, aims to further enhance digital access to justice, incorporating advanced technologies like Artificial Intelligence for case management and transcription.
Judicial Appointments and Case Management Initiatives
The government has actively worked to fill judicial vacancies, appointing 70 judges to the Supreme Court and over 1,000 judges to High Courts since May 2014. The sanctioned strength of High Court judges has increased from 906 to 1,122. To address long-pending cases, Arrears Committees have been established in all 25 High Courts, and similar committees have been set up in District Courts. Additionally, the government has introduced Fast Track Courts to expedite cases involving serious crimes and vulnerable groups. As of June 2025, 865 Fast Track Courts are operational, alongside 725 Fast Track Special Courts dedicated to cases under the POCSO Act. These initiatives reflect the government’s commitment to reducing case backlogs and improving the overall efficiency of the judicial system.
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