Advancements in Irrigation and Agriculture in India
The Indian government has made significant strides in irrigation development and water conservation. The Economic Survey 2024-25, presented by Union Minister of Finance and Corporate Affairs, Smt. Nirmala Sitharaman, highlights these efforts. The survey reveals that the coverage of irrigated areas has increased from 49.3% to 55% of the gross cropped area (GCA) between FY16 and FY21. Additionally, irrigation intensity has risen from 144.2% to 154.5%. These improvements are crucial for enhancing agricultural productivity and ensuring food security in the country.
Micro-Irrigation Initiatives
One of the key initiatives in improving irrigation efficiency is the “Per Drop More Crop” (PDMC) program. Launched as part of the Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY), this initiative aims to promote water efficiency in agriculture. Since FY16, the government has allocated ₹21,968.75 crore to states for the implementation of the PDMC scheme. This funding has allowed for the coverage of approximately 95.58 lakh hectares, which is an impressive 104.67% increase compared to the period before the PDMC was introduced.
In addition to the PDMC, the Micro-Irrigation Fund (MIF) has been established to support innovative projects. The MIF provides a 2% interest subvention on loans taken by states. So far, loans amounting to ₹4,709 crore have been approved, with ₹3,640 crore already disbursed. These initiatives are vital for promoting sustainable agricultural practices and ensuring that water resources are used efficiently.
Support for Rainfed Areas
The government has also focused on developing rainfed areas through the Rainfed Area Development (RAD) program. This initiative aims to conserve natural resources while enhancing farming systems. Since its inception in FY15, the RAD program has allocated ₹1,858.41 crore, covering an area of 8.00 lakh hectares. From FY22 onwards, the RAD scheme has been integrated into the Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY), further enhancing its reach and effectiveness.
The RAD program is essential for farmers who rely on rainfed agriculture, as it helps improve soil health and water conservation. By supporting sustainable practices, the government aims to increase productivity and resilience in these vulnerable farming systems. This initiative is part of a broader strategy to ensure that all farmers have access to the resources they need to thrive.
Promoting Organic Farming
To support the growing demand for organic produce, the Indian government has implemented two dedicated schemes since 2015: the Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY) and the Mission Organic Value Chain Development for North Eastern Region (MOVCDNER). Under the PKVY, 52,289 clusters have been established, covering 14.99 lakh hectares and mobilizing 25.30 lakh farmers. This initiative encourages traditional farming practices that are environmentally friendly and sustainable.
Similarly, the MOVCDNER has created 434 Farmer Producer Companies, benefiting 2.19 lakh farmers and covering a total area of 1.73 lakh hectares. These programs not only promote organic farming but also enhance the livelihoods of farmers by providing them with better market access and support. The government’s commitment to organic farming reflects a growing recognition of the importance of sustainable agricultural practices in ensuring food security and environmental health.
Strengthening Cooperative Societies
Cooperative societies play a crucial role in various sectors, including agriculture, credit, and women’s welfare. The Indian government has introduced several strategic initiatives to strengthen this sector. One significant measure is the introduction of Model Bye-Laws for Primary Agricultural Credit Societies (PACS). These laws provide a structured framework for their operations, enhancing their efficiency and effectiveness.
Additionally, the government has facilitated the establishment of retail petrol and diesel outlets within cooperative societies. So far, 240 PACS have applied for these outlets, with 39 selected to operate. This initiative expands the services offered by cooperatives, making them more accessible to rural populations. Furthermore, 35,293 PACS now function as Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samriddhi Kendras (PMKSK), providing essential fertilizers and services to farmers. The distribution of 1,723 micro-ATMs has also improved financial accessibility for rural communities. These efforts collectively aim to empower farmers and enhance agricultural productivity across the country.
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