Advancing Dryland Agriculture in Maharashtra

The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) is making significant strides in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra. Through various initiatives, ICAR aims to enhance dryland agriculture and support local farmers. The organization focuses on strategic research and technology dissemination to address the challenges faced by farmers in this drought-prone area. This article explores the key projects and initiatives undertaken by ICAR in Marathwada, highlighting their impact on agriculture and farmer welfare.

Research Initiatives by ICAR-CRIDA

ICAR-CRIDA (Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture) is actively involved in the Marathwada region through two major projects: the All India Coordinated Research Project on Dry Land Agriculture (AICRPDA) and the All India Coordinated Research Project on Agro-Meteorology (AICRPAM). The AICRPDA Parbhani center focuses on evaluating and establishing region-specific crops and cropping systems. This includes rainwater management, nutrient management, energy management, and alternate land use management. The center also promotes Rainfed Integrated Farming Systems (RIFS) to optimize resource use and improve productivity.

Meanwhile, the AICRPAM Parbhani center works on resource characterization and establishing the relationship between crop weather and pest dynamics. This research is crucial for developing region-specific agro-meteorological advisories. By understanding the local climate and its effects on crops, the center can provide timely advice to farmers. This helps them make informed decisions about planting and managing their crops, ultimately leading to better yields and reduced losses.

Climate Resilient Technologies for Farmers

The National Innovations in Climate Resilient Agriculture – Technology Demonstration Component (NICRA-TDC) plays a vital role in upscaling climate-resilient technologies in Marathwada. Centers in Jalna, Latur, and Osmanabad, in collaboration with Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs), are implementing four key modules: natural resource management, crops and cropping systems, livestock management, and capacity building.

Among the technologies being promoted are short-duration and drought-escaping soybean varieties, such as MAUS-158, and stress-tolerant varieties of safflower and rabi sorghum. These crops are specifically chosen for their ability to thrive in the region’s challenging conditions. Additionally, intercropping systems are being introduced to stabilize production and minimize risks associated with drought. By adopting these technologies, farmers can enhance their resilience to climate variability and improve their livelihoods.

Fodder Resource Development in Maharashtra

ICAR-IGFRI (Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute) has developed a Fodder Resource Development Plan for Maharashtra, which includes the Marathwada region. This plan addresses the critical shortage of fodder, which is a significant concern for livestock farmers. The initiative has successfully reduced the gap in dry fodder by 31.3% and green fodder by 59.4%.

To further enhance forage availability, a policy for Indian Rangeland and Grassland Conservation has been implemented. This policy aims to rejuvenate grasslands in Maharashtra, providing a sustainable source of fodder for livestock. Additionally, two centers of the All India Coordinated Research Project on Forage Crops and Utilization (AICRP-FC&U) in Pune and Rahuri are generating and disseminating technologies for fodder crops. Over the past five years, more than 50 new varieties of fodder crops have been developed and recommended for cultivation across Maharashtra, including the Marathwada region.

Government Support and Future Prospects

The efforts of ICAR in Marathwada have garnered attention at the governmental level. Minister of State for Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Shri Bhagirath Choudhary, recently highlighted these initiatives in a written reply in the Rajya Sabha. While there are currently no plans to establish a mission office in the Marathwada region, the ongoing research and technology dissemination efforts are expected to continue benefiting local farmers.

The focus on dryland agriculture and fodder resource development is crucial for the sustainability of farming in Maharashtra. As climate change poses new challenges, these initiatives will help farmers adapt and thrive in their environments. By investing in research and technology, ICAR is paving the way for a more resilient agricultural future in Marathwada.

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